Our Scholars’ stories: Caldwell bridges the gap of genetics and nutrition to enhance health outcomes among African American communities in Baton Rouge

Disparities in health outcomes for African American adults involve both biological and social health determinants. Jennifer Caldwell, Ph.D., a researcher at Pennington Biomedical Research Center, is exploring the combined influence of a biological determinant (a person’s genes), and a social health determinant (food insecurity) to understand the impact on African American adults’ health outcomes in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Genetics are known to play a role in 9 of 10 leading causes of death in the U.S. including heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. North Baton Rouge is a predominantly made up of African American households where 20-30% of households are food insecure compared to only 8-10% of households in South Baton Rouge.

Inspired by the North Baton Rouge community, Caldwell is researching how food insecurity affects the body’s ability to heal. This community, which lacks grocery stores and fresh produce and relies solely on convenience stores, is classified as a “food desert.”

Additionally, she aims to start a conversation with African American communities in this area about how genes influence their health.

“I wanted an intervention that would close that knowledge gap,” she says. “We titled the project Linking GAINS; it aims to combine the analyses of genetics and nutrition to enhance health behaviors among participants undergoing a behavioral intervention.”

Linking GAINS focuses on community engagement to share information on how genetics and health behaviors impact a person’s health. Caldwell’s goal is for residents in the African American communities in North Baton Rouge to understand their genetic makeup and use that knowledge to make informed health decisions. By bridging the gap between genetics and nutrition, Caldwell hopes to foster healthier behaviors and improve overall health outcomes in these underserved areas.

Jennifer Caldwell, PhD, MPH

Assistant Professor, Public Health Genomics and Health Equity Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center

Learn more about Caldwell.

A history of inequity in Louisiana

Longstanding geographical segregation issues contribute to health disparities in Louisiana. “This initiative is crucial due to the historical segregation within Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where disparities exist between the south and north sides of the city,” Caldwell explains.

“In the past, African American communities were primarily located near industrial plants or railroad tracks on the north side. Currently, the southern side is characterized by institutions like Louisiana State University (LSU), situated close to the medical corridor and areas with better access to fresh produce and economic development.”

Did you know?

A food desert is a community with limited resources and fresh produce

As a result, there remains a significant social and economic gap in the city that is linked to racial issues from Louisiana’s historical background and antebellum past, Caldwell says.

The disparity lies in the city’s economic systems,social systems and structures, and transportation is a significant contributing factor to these discrepancies.

“One critical aspect of the disparity between residents living on the north and south sides of Baton Rouge, particularly in the area near Louisiana State University, is the issue of food deserts and its impact on health equity, compounded by transportation challenges.”

As a result, there remains a significant social and economic gap in the city that is linked to racial issues from Louisiana’s historical background and antebellum past, Caldwell says.

The disparity lies in the city’s economic systems,social systems and structures, and transportation is a significant contributing factor to these discrepancies.

Caldwell’s ‘why’

Caldwell says she is very motivated to tailor her program to the community. “As a young professor, I am very interested in genetics, and it has been one of my top priorities. Engagement and health literacy is another one of my top priorities.”

“I realized if I am going to build this lab, I have to build trust with the community and empower them to build their health literacy. We wanted to build a project that could meet the need of underdeveloped areas in Baton Rouge. North has no actual grocery stores or medical corridors.”

Engaging African American community members

To build trust and meet the community’s needs, Caldwell and her team are focused on maximizing recruitment efforts and engaging a diverse range of often marginalized participants.

“Our collaboration includes the Southern University Agriculture and Extension Center alongside various community outreach partners, organizations, and local churches. By situating the project in North Baton Rouge, we aim to eliminate transportation barriers and ensure accessibility for the community members.”

Keeping it local shows Caldwell’s determination to build a program in partnership with the community, making it easy and welcoming for people to join. “We have made sure to incorporate things that are culturally centered, like cooking classes,” she says, “Louisiana has such a rich culture and food culture.”

The study: Enhance health behaviors through community

Throughout the Linking GAINS study, participants will learn the impact that genetic factors that contribute to developing chronic diseases.

They will be able to understand and effectively communicate their genetic results to their primary care providers. Additionally, participants will receive guidance on adopting healthier lifestyles and modifying behaviors to improve overall well-being.

“We are establishing clinic groups within the community,” Caldwell says, “And meetings are to be held at a local church.” It is important to Caldwell that participants feel safe and that trust is built in a trustworthy space during the study.

Did you know?

North Baton Rouge faces more health challenges than the south due to historical segregation.

Participant-centered approach

Linking GAINS intervention focuses on the participants, giving them choices and flexibility to keep them engaged. “Participants will benefit from a comprehensive 14-week behavioral intervention program, coupled with the groundbreaking inclusion of genetic testing,” Caldwell explains.

“This unique initiative offers participants the opportunity to receive their genetic results and engage in one-on-one sessions with a genetic counselor for a detailed review of these findings.”

Early on, Caldwell says she spoke with a therapist about using interventions in the project. The therapist gave great advice on group counseling sessions, especially about myths and stress management. Based on the therapist’s advice, Caldwell says they have included group counseling sessions that will cover these topics.

Group sessions will help participants feel engaged with their peers and keep them from feeling alone or singled out.
The groups will discuss health disparities, nutrition, and healthy cooking, as well as what foods to buy and how to cook fresh produce. Sessions on heart health and similar topics will also be held. The interventions focus on lifestyle and behavior changes and are tailored to the community’s needs.

Caldwell explains that community engagement is a big challenge in clinical research with African American communities. By making this project community-based and a group effort, they hope to get people involved and keep them engaged.
Interventions include health behavior programs and weekly sessions, not just on weekends. There will also be weekly physical activity programs.

Making it easy to participate

Along with situating the study in the heart of the community, Caldwell wants to ensure participants have time to join. “The project is designed to take place on weekdays after 5:30 p.m., providing flexibility for participants so they do not have to worry about leaving work early.”

To that end, Caldwell wants to ensure participants feel valued for their time. “I understand that committing to research is challenging. For this reason, we compensate participants for their time, whether they need to leave work or make other adjustments. One of the key aspects of this project is its timing. We aim to accommodate participants’ schedules to ensure they do not have to take time off work to engage in research.”

Participation will involve individuals from two different communities. “This demographic is crucial for us to understand the impact of our interventions on a diverse group. We have collaborated with non-profits that possess valuable insights about the communities we are studying. Their contributions have been instrumental in shaping the project.”

Caldwell’s project, Linking GAINS, addresses crucial health disparities at the intersection of genetics and nutrition in North Baton Rouge. By focusing on empowering African American communities to learn about the combined impact of how genetics and food insecurity influences health outcomes, this intervention aims to empower community members to make informed health decisions and improve long-term health outcomes. By focusing on community engagement and culturally relevant intervention, Caldwell’s work exemplifies a holistic approach to advancing health equity and can serve as a model for similar efforts nationwide.

Our scholars’ stories: Andrabi seeks to fill a gap in care for stroke survivors in Alabama’s Black Belt

African American communities have a higher prevalence of both hypertension and stroke than any other ethnicity. Alabama is among one of 11 states makes up part of the region known as the Stroke Belt where death from stroke is from 2 to 4 times greater than other states.

“Stroke is especially prominent among African American adults living in the Black Belt of rural Alabama,” says Mudasir Andrabi, Ph.D., Forge AHEAD Center scholar.

Andrabi, who is researching the needs and preferences of individuals living in rural Alabama on their post-stroke life management and blood pressure management.

A gap in post-stroke care

Data shows that seventy percent of stroke survivors are discharged from health care facilities, out of which, 40% are released without any community-based services.

“These rates worsen in rural areas due to the socio-demographics of persons living in these areas, including unavailability of services, unaffordable care, lack of transportation, and low socioeconomic status,” says Andrabi, who is an assistant professor at the University of Alabama’s Capstone College of Nursing.

“Lack of health services makes post-stroke self-management for these individuals more challenging, leading to hypertension and recurrence of stroke.”

Mudasir Andrabi, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor, Capstone College of Nursing, University of Alabama

Learn more about Andrabi.

“Stroke is especially prominent among African American adults living in the Black Belt of rural Alabama.”

Andrabi’s research study aims to address the critical gaps in managing stroke-related challenges among African American individuals aged 50 and above who have a documented diagnosis of chronic stroke and high blood pressure condition with mild to moderate disability. Approximately 15% to 20% of individuals will experience a stroke recurrence. According to a recent study, risk of stroke recurrence at 3 years is higher for Black individuals (17.4%) compared with non-Black individuals (14.7%) in the U.S.

With the right tools, self-management interventions can prevent 80% of stroke recurrences.

Andrabi’s why

During her previous work with African American individuals living in rural counties of Alabama, Andrabi says the community key leaders and participants “anecdotally mentioned a lack of services for individuals who have stroke and high blood pressure.”

Did you know?

African American communities have a higher prevalence of both hypertension and stroke than any other ethnicity.

They were reported to have poor management for high blood pressure and engaged in limited preventive behaviors like physical activity and adherence to the treatment.

“Moreover, there is minimal to no rehabilitation services available to these individuals’ post-stroke due to unaffordable co-pays and lack of insurance.”

Due to scarce resources, these individuals have poorer outcomes, including poor body balance, avoidance of physical activity due to fear of falling, and lack of knowledge and skills for alternate other suitable physical activities. Andrabi shared that they typically become dependent on family for their activities of daily living. They also seem to have poor control over their blood pressure in general.

“Since high blood pressure is a major risk factor for stroke, these individuals often end up having a recurrence of stroke. Therefore, it was found to be a priority to help them manage their high blood pressure and post-stroke life as much as possible.”

Andrabi says she wants to empower individuals post-stroke to engage in health behaviors to reduce likelihood of stroke recurrence including reducing sedentary activities, appropriate exercise and medication adherence.

Interventions that prevent stroke recurrence and save lives

Interventions help stroke patients manage and improve their high blood pressure symptoms, physical and emotional stress, taking medication consistently, activities of daily living, and quality of life.

However, intervention strategies are not widely tested among older African American stroke survivors for the management of their post-stroke life and their high blood pressure management.

“We aim to develop a need-based intervention that will be tailored to the social determinants of health and culture of the African American aging populations of rural Alabama,” explains Andrabi.

The group plans to utilize basic technology and other resources available in Alabama’s rural counties. The intervention will be minimally expensive and can be delivered using a minimum health workforce.

Creating a program unique to the community

“Our study involves the community’s key members throughout the entire study including the needs assessment, intervention development, and delivery of intervention.”

To Andrabi’s knowledge, this study is a unique and innovative culturally tailored intervention that would be accessible and affordable for these underserved populations in Alabama at high risk for stroke recurrence.

Developing a cost-effective and accessible self-management program will aim to overcome barriers to health care accessibility and increase equity in the distribution of health care services within these geographically disadvantaged areas.

The overall study focuses on improving stroke survivors to manage their high blood pressure and challenges related to their post-stroke life to improve their health outcomes and quality of life.

Andrabi’s post-stroke self-management program

The post-stroke self-management program includes teaching important information via teleconferences, creating a unique exercise plan based on the severity of the stroke survivor’s disability, sending reminders through texts or calls depending on participant preference, and problem solve to address barriers that may prevent them from engaging in preventive health behaviors.

Andrabi says the main research question is to assess the needs of stroke survivors and develop the best intervention to address those needs. Components will be tailored to the specific needs and preferences of participants, such as:

Delivery of education to build learning related to management of high blood pressure and post-stroke life
Accessibility of the program in participants’ homes to overcome their lack of transportation and long distance from the health care facilities
Simplicity and the social relevance of the educational content
Reminders for educational sessions for their ease of understanding, especially among elderly individuals

Did you know?

Alabama is part of the Stroke Belt, where death is 2-4 times higher than other states.

Use of existing resources in counties, such as existing social groups, existing teleconference system, local produce, community halls, or church halls for indoor physical activity during unfavorable weather

All these components focus on overcoming the barriers of lack of insurance and unaffordability of care.

Testing a post-stroke self-management program

Ultimately, the goal of this project is to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a newly developed intervention for African American stroke survivors in rural Alabama.
In addition, the study involves the community members in every phase, building their capacity to run the program independently and enabling them to control their health.

Forge AHEAD Center Announces Fourth Cohort of Scholars Focused on HIV

The Forge AHEAD Center (FAC) is delighted to introduce the recipients of its pilot funding for the fourth cohort, with a specific focus on HIV prevention and management in the Deep South.

These four early-stage investigators were selected for their groundbreaking research aimed at addressing critical public health issues related to HIV.

Their work aligns perfectly with the Forge AHEAD Center’s mission of reducing health disparities and fostering healthier communities through innovative research endeavors.

Introducing the Fourth Cohort Scholars

We are honored to recognize the following outstanding researchers, whose projects all center around improving health outcomes for people living with HIV:

Kristen Allen-Watts, Ph.D.
Assistant professor at the University of Alabama at Birmingham

Project: “Peer MODELS: (Managing a Community-based HIV, Diabetes, and pain intervention that Encourages healthy Living and provides Support), for PWH and T2D in the setting of chronic pain”

Donny Gerke, Ph.D.
Assistant professor at the University of Alabama at Birmingham

Project: “Facilitated Stable Housing as a Strategy for Uptake and Sustainment of Evidence-Based HIV and Cardiometabolic Medicine in People with HIV”

Matt Gravett, M.D.
Assistant professor at the University of Alabama at Birmingham

Project: “Laying the Foundation for PrEP in Urgent Care Settings”

Rongbing Xie, DrPH
Assistant professor at the University of Alabama at Birmingham

Project: “Enhancing Recruitment and Retention for Black Females with HIV: Identifying Barriers, Facilitators, and the Role of Social Determinants for the Willingness to Participate in the HEALTH Study”

Empowering Scholarly Success

The Forge AHEAD Center is committed to fostering a supportive environment for our scholars. Each recipient will receive both strategic guidance and mentorship throughout their research journey. This comprehensive approach empowers them to translate their visions into impactful research that holds the potential to make a significant contribution to reducing HIV-related health disparities across the Deep South.

Investing in the Future of HIV/AIDS Health

By funding these groundbreaking projects, the Forge AHEAD Center demonstrates its unwavering dedication to advancing health equity and improving the well-being of individuals living with HIV across the South. We are confident that the work of our fourth cohort will have a lasting positive impact on our communities.

Stay Connected!

For more details about the scholars and their research endeavors, please visit this page. We are actively seeking talented investigators for upcoming funding cycles. Early-stage investigators interested in applying for pilot awards are encouraged to visit our website for application guidelines and deadlines. The RFA for Cohort 5 is currently open, with Letters of Intent due on June 25, 2024.

Katie Ellison’s Journey: Triumph, Mentorship, and the George Bray Obesity Research Award

Katie M. Ellison, M.S., a doctoral student at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), is on a remarkable journey that blends personal struggles with professional triumphs. This journey will soon be celebrated on the grand stage of the Nutrition 2024 conference in Chicago, IL, where she will receive the prestigious George Bray Obesity Research Student Award.

This award not only recognizes her groundbreaking work but also underscores the vital mentorship of FAC Core Project Principal Investigator Drew Sayer, Ph.D., whose guidance has been essential in her journey.

The Mentor’s Influence

Ellison speaks about the profound impact Sayer has had on her career. “Dr. Sayer has significantly shaped my approach to research and my professional growth,” she shared. “One of the most valuable lessons I’ve learned from him is the importance of perseverance and curiosity in scientific research.” Sayer, who found his passion for public health early on, said, “Even during my undergraduate years, I was more drawn to the public health implications of healthy eating and physical activity than just sports performance. Obesity research felt like a natural fit.”

Ellison’s enthusiasm and commitment have been evident from the start. “Katie has that ‘it factor’ that’s hard to describe but easy to recognize. Her enthusiasm for this work is infectious, and her genuine desire to improve lives brings a unique perspective,” Sayer noted.

Katie Ellison (right) with her mentor Drew Sayer, Ph.D. (second from right), and colleagues at a research presentation.

A Personal Motivation

Ellison’s passion for obesity research is deeply personal, stemming from her own battles with weight. “I was inspired to pursue a career in nutrition sciences and obesity research because of my personal journey with weight loss and the challenges I faced,” she explained. “I have seen firsthand the profound impact that obesity can have on individuals and their families. This experience has fueled my determination to help others overcome similar struggles.”

Did You Know?

Dr. George Bray was the founding Executive Director of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, a Forge AHEAD partner institution, and is internationally recognized for his research in obesity. The George Bray Obesity Research Student Award, endowed by Dr. Bray and his wife Marilyn, continues to honor his legacy by recognizing outstanding student research in obesity.

Award and Research Focus

Receiving the George Bray Obesity Research Student Award is a pivotal milestone for Ellison. “I was incredibly honored and excited to learn that I was receiving the George Bray Obesity Research Student Award. I believe my research stood out because it addresses a critical gap in understanding the behavioral aspects of obesity,” Ellison said.

Her work aims to uncover strategies that can improve health outcomes for individuals struggling with obesity. “My research aims to understand how specific behavioral strategies can improve weight loss outcomes and overall health in individuals with obesity. My own journey taught me the importance of sustainable lifestyle changes, and I hope this work will contribute to more effective treatment protocols for obesity,” she elaborated. Her work is not just about data; it’s about changing lives.

Sayer highlighted the significance of this achievement, saying, “George Bray is a pioneer in obesity research and receiving an award bearing his name is a tremendous accomplishment for Katie and a testament to the quality of her work. There is a lot of interest in the concept of ‘precision nutrition’ in obesity research treatment. I hope that this award signals a growing interest and emphasis on innovative experimental designs that can bridge the translational gap between traditional clinical research and the delivery of adaptive and personalized care to people living with obesity.”

Future Aspirations

Looking ahead, Ellison has clear goals. “Following this award, my aspirations are to further explore innovative behavioral interventions that can be integrated into clinical practice. I plan to build on my current research to develop comprehensive treatment strategies that address the multifaceted nature of obesity.” Her vision is one of a healthier future for all, where effective treatment strategies can lead to lasting health improvements.

Ellison’s recognition with the George Bray Obesity Research Student Award is a testament to her perseverance, the mentorship she received, and her dedication to making a difference. Her work, guided by Sayer, exemplifies the spirit of collaboration and innovation at Forge AHEAD. As Ellison continues her journey, her contributions are set to shape the future of obesity treatment, offering hope and better health outcomes.

Katie Ellison’s story is one of courage, determination, and the transformative power of mentorship. It highlights the importance of resilience, curiosity, and the incredible impact of one person’s dedication.

“Dr. Sayer has significantly influenced my approach to research and my professional development. One of the most valuable lessons I’ve learned from him is the importance of perseverance and curiosity in scientific research.” – Katie Ellison

Addressing racism in cardiometabolic health research

Addressing racism in cardiometabolic health research

Pennington Biomedical Research Center hosted Michele Allen, M.D., and Kene Orakwue, MPH for the Forge AHEAD April seminar where they presented on their innovative approaches to combatting health disparities, building on a framework that acknowledges the deep impact that racism has on health outcomes.

Allen, associate professor at the University of Minnesota Medical School and MPI for the C2DREAM Center, provided an in-depth overview of the center’s objectives and methods, emphasizing their proactive stance against racism in health research.

She noted, “We are striving to advance this field… We have significant partnerships with indigenous groups, reflecting our commitment to anti-colonial perspectives and the parallels among indigenous, Black, and immigrant communities.” This underscores the center’s dedication to inclusivity and diversity in health research, acknowledging various dimensions of racism and colonial impacts.

Allen further emphasized the critical need for incorporating a framework that considers racism in health research, stating, “To dismantle racism, we must understand how it functions and manifests, not only within communities but also within our research endeavors.

It is essential for health equity researchers to consider racism both as a social determinant of health and in how it influences our research methodologies.” This serves as a crucial reminder of the systemic nature of racism and its extensive impact on health disparities.

Structural racism and its impact on health outcomes

Orakwue, doctoral student at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities, enhanced the dialogue by introducing a detailed framework demonstrating how structural racism affects health outcomes. Orakwue stressed the need for a structural analysis of racism, stating, “It’s crucial to consider racism at a structural level, as health inequities often emerge not just from momentary snapshots but from longstanding systemic issues.” This insight is vital for understanding the prolonged and systemic nature of health disparities driven by racism.

Orakwue also highlighted the complexity of racism, adding, “Racism manifests in various forms; it upholds white supremacy and different oppressive systems, depending on the targeted population… How do we start to address these multifaceted issues?” Her discussion points to the need for a comprehensive approach to tackle racism effectively.

Concluding insights

In her concluding remarks, Allen emphasized the significance of these discussions and frameworks in progressing the battle against health disparities. She affirmed, “This work is foundational to our operations and essential for our continuous efforts to effectively address racial inequities in health. We must persistently refine our understanding and methodologies to ensure our research and interventions are both effective and equitable.”

Facilitating ongoing dialogues on health inequity

These insights from C2DREAM resonate deeply with Forge AHEAD’s mission to challenge health inequities through informed and inclusive research methodologies. By sharing and deliberating on these strategies, Forge AHEAD seeks to deepen the community’s understanding of and engagement with these critical issues.

Engage and discover more

Forge AHEAD invites the community to participate in the upcoming fall seminar series, designed to further explore these and similar themes. This series provides a platform for community members, researchers, and policymakers to actively engage with the challenges and progress in addressing health disparities influenced by systemic racism. We also encourage viewing the recap of our seminar presentations to gain additional insights into how these discussions are evolving and influencing our approach to health equity.

Forge AHEAD is dedicated not only to discussing these issues but also to implementing practical and impactful strategies that address them at the systemic level, ensuring a healthier future for all communities. Join us in this pivotal conversation and be part of the change.

View the recording of the May seminar below:

Our Scholars’ stories: Lai tests virtual reality gaming exercise benefits at a local high school for youth with disabilities

Lai tests virtual reality gaming exercise benefits at a local high school for youth with disabilities

Byron Lai, Ph.D., assistant professor in the Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, is researching a new way to help children with disabilities stay healthy.

Lai’s project, “Preliminary implementation and development of an enjoyable virtual reality exercise program for the prevention of cardiometabolic disease among children with disabilities in school settings,” allows participants to do their rehabilitation exercises through video games.

The goal is to see if virtual reality gaming and exercise can help children with disabilities avoid health problems related to their heart and metabolism.

Video games that improve health

“The purpose of the project is to work with a community engagement group to develop a protocol for implementing a research-tested therapeutic exercise program for youth with disabilities at a high school,” says Lai.

Lai is testing this exercise program in a special physical education class at a high school. He wants to see what impacts the program has on exercise-related outcomes like physical strength and how well the heart and lungs work.

A total of 12 children will be included in the study to start. This project will include a Community Engagement Group of three members from the school where the intervention will be delivered, a child with cerebral palsy, their caregiver, and a Special Physical Education teacher.

“The project is being supported by school staff and, most importantly, being delivered by a young man with a physical and cognitive disability, who was a student at the high school,” says Lai.

“Should this project be successful, it could open up a means for employment for youth with disabilities, when the project is delivered on a national scale. This project is also the first collaborative project with the community by the Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine at UAB and Children’s Hospital of Alabama, which could open doors for further projects and services.”

Lai says the group will meet regularly to talk about how the program is delivered and what changes might be needed.

If this study shows the exercise program works well, Lai will use the study results to apply for additional funding to conduct a larger study to confirm if it really helps kids with disabilities stay healthy. “This project will serve as a model for helping other schools in a larger trial,” he says.

The findings of this study will inform an upcoming NIHR01 application to confirm the effectiveness of the virtual reality exercise program on cardiometabolic health among children with physical disabilities.

Our Scholars’ stories: Cardozo explores the link between PCOS and cardiovascular disease

Cardozo explores the link between PCOS and cardiovascular disease

Licy Yanes Cardozo, M.D., associate professor at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, is delving into the interesting connection between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and cardiovascular disease.

PCOS is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by high levels of male hormones and irregular menstrual cycles.

While the exact cause of PCOS remains unknown, it’s evident that women with this condition face an increased risk of cardiovascular issues. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women in the U.S.

Notably, Black/African American women with PCOS are at an even higher risk of cardiovascular complications, though the reasons for this racial disparity are not fully understood. Social determinants of health (SDoH), such as education, employment, income, and food security, could play a significant role.

Cardozo’s why

“Women’s health suffers from numerous inequities, especially in the South,” Cardozo says. “As a woman and a mother of two girls, I am passionate about using my voice, knowledge, and energy to improve cardiovascular health among women.”

Moreover, Cardozo states: “cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death among women, thereby this is a key area of research. I hope that the findings of our research make a positive impact on the community, filling the multiple gaps that exist in our understanding of cardiovascular diseases in women, especially among African Americans.”

The project plan

Cardozo’s team aims to investigate how SDoH contribute to cardiovascular risk factors in Black/African American women compared to white women with PCOS, and how this correlates with hormonal imbalances and dysregulation of factors affecting blood pressure and metabolism.

As a physician-scientist, Cardozo says she seeks to determine whether SDoH are responsible for the elevated cardiovascular risk observed in Black/African American women with PCOS.

Her study will utilize questionnaires to assess SDoH, analyze blood samples related to cardiovascular disease, and examine obesity as a contributing factor.

The findings from this research endeavor are expected to provide deeper insights into effective treatments for managing cardiovascular disease in Black women with PCOS.

Cardozo anticipates that this study will lead to improved strategies for addressing cardiovascular issues in women, particularly among those who face disproportionate risks, such as Black/African American women with PCOS.

Championing Black Maternal Health

At Forge AHEAD, we are committed to confronting the grave health disparities faced by Black mothers with both urgent action and long-term science-based approaches to address these health disparities. We recognize that addressing the health disparities impacting Black mothers is both a matter of public health and of justice and equity. During Black Maternal Health Week, we spotlighted the stark realities and promising interventions through the voices of experts dedicated to making a difference. Here’s how we’re advancing this vital work:

Combating maternal mortality

“Black women are three times more likely to die from a pregnancy-related cause than White women,” a troubling statistic that underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions.

Sharon J. Herring, M.D., director of Population Health at Temple University, illuminated the stark disparities in maternal mortality rates during her presentation at the Forge AHEAD February Seminar, She emphasized the necessity for approaches rooted in community engagement: “Our communities need tailored, empathetic solutions that address the real experiences of Black mothers. By engaging directly with these communities, we can start to dismantle the systemic barriers that contribute to these devastating disparities.”

Empowering teen mothers

Addressing the disproportionately high birth rates among Black teens, Abigail Gamble, Ph.D., Forge AHEAD scholar from the University of Mississippi Medical Center, introduced the #BabyLetsMove initiative, leveraging technology to empower pregnant adolescents: “Technology isn’t just a tool; it’s a lifeline that can empower young Black mothers. Through our #BabyLetsMove initiative, we’re turning everyday devices into sources of strength, education, and community.”

Addressing food insecurity head-on

With 1 in 5 Black Americans facing food insecurity—a rate twice that of white households—the impact on maternal health is significant.

Candice Myers, Ph.D., Forge AHEAD scholar at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, and her TARGET intervention directly addresses this: “Food insecurity is more than just an empty plate; it’s a complex challenge that pregnant women face, which can have long-term effects on their health and the health of their children. Our TARGET intervention is designed to break this cycle through personalized nutritional and psychological support.”

Shaping policy through nutritional interventions

Camille Schneider-Worthington, Ph.D., Forge AHEAD scholar at the University of Alabama at Birmingham leading a study on the impact of home-delivered meals, discusses a potential policy-changing approach: “By delivering meals directly to expectant mothers, we’re not just nourishing them; we’re testing a model that could reshape how maternal health support is structured, ensuring that no mother has to worry about her next meal during pregnancy.”

Doula support and advocacy

Advocate and doula, Frankie Robertson, founder of The Amandla Group LLC, passionately advocates for comprehensive support systems for Black birthing people, emphasizing the critical role of doulas in maternal health. The FAC Community Engagement Core is proud to partner with Frankie and the Amandla Group on their advocacy work, which exemplifies the power of support and advocacy in transforming care for Black mothers. “Advocacy in maternal health isn’t just about speaking up; it’s about acting and ensuring that Black birthing people have the support they need during one of the most vulnerable times in their life. Through our work, we aim to turn advocacy into actionable change that makes a tangible difference in the lives of mothers,” says Robertson.

These insights from Black Maternal Health Week are calls to action. Forge AHEAD is committed to integrating these lessons and models into our ongoing efforts to improve maternal health outcomes. By supporting innovative research, advocacy, and community-driven solutions, we aim to address the complex factors contributing to health disparities and work towards a future where all mothers have the support they need to thrive.

Engage with us

Your involvement is crucial. Join us in supporting these initiatives, learn more about our work, and help us expand the conversation about maternal health equity. Together, we can create lasting change for Black mothers and their families.

Gardening for Health: SILC Project Cultivates Wellness in Deep South

Gardening for Health: SILC Project Cultivates Wellness in Deep South

Across Alabama and Mississippi, the Stepping into Lifestyle Changes (SILC) project is flourishing, proving that the simple act of gardening can yield far more than beautiful landscapes. With just a bit of soil, a handful of seeds, and a commitment to nurturing growth, SILC is demonstrating the profound ability of gardening to enhance lives beyond aesthetics. As we celebrate National Gardening Month, SILC embodies the remarkable power of community, innovation, and deep-seated dedication to promoting health and well-being.

Seeds of Change: SILC’s Journey

At SILC’s core are stories of personal growth and collective empowerment. Charlotte Love, the project’s study manager, recounts a particularly inspiring tale: “A participant started the program feeling discouraged and unhealthy. Over the course of the six months, the participant committed herself to ‘Stepping into Lifestyle Changes’. This included balanced nutrition and regular exercise. As a result, the participant lost 20 pounds and experienced a remarkable transformation in her overall well-being. She also established a network of support among the other participants.”

SILC represents an innovative approach to foster wellness in rural communities in Mississippi and Alabama. Monica Baskin, Ph.D., the project’s lead, says, “This study builds on prior research that demonstrated improved health behaviors and outcomes from a vegetable gardening intervention with both cancer survivors and persons living with other chronic conditions (e.g., heart disease, hypertension, diabetes). The study focuses on learning what factors are important with implementing and sustaining these type programs in community settings.”

Cultivating Health Locally

SILC’s success is largely due to its embrace of local culture and knowledge. Training community members as Master Gardeners sows seeds of change where most needed. “It goes beyond gardening,” Baskin states. “It’s about fostering a health culture rooted in local tradition.”

Despite its successes, SILC faces challenges, especially in engaging ample community-based master gardeners and navigating logistics of delivering gardening supplies to rural communities. However, the project’s resilience turns these obstacles into opportunities for learning and growth. Specifically, through collaborations with local Cooperative Extension Program offices, SILC has grown the number of community members that have become Master Gardeners. Certification as a Master Gardner involves completing an 8-week training and over 40 volunteer hours.

Witnessing SILC’s direct impact is a rewarding experience for Baskin. “It’s incredibly fulfilling to see participants sharing their successes — from weight loss to enjoying their harvest. It reinforces my belief in the power of community-engaged research.”

Seeding Future Policies: The Broader Impact of SILC

As the SILC project continues to bear fruit, its potential to shape health policies and community programs is immense. Baskin reflects on this aspect with optimism: “Findings from this study could inform community-based organizations and federal programs such as the Cooperative Extension Program on the factors that support the implementation and sustainability of evidence-based community-based gardening programs like this one. By demonstrating the health benefits and community engagement success of the SILC project, we hope to influence broader strategies aimed at reducing cardiometabolic diseases, making a case for integrating similar programs into public health initiatives across the country.”

Harvesting Hope for the Future

As SILC progresses, its effects are just beginning to bloom. “I hope our efforts inspire others to continue this work, spreading the benefits of community gardening and healthy living,” Baskin expresses.

In the spirit of National Gardening Month, Love and Baskin offer gardening wisdom rooted in personal and project experiences. Love suggests, “Plan early, be flexible,” emphasizing the importance of adaptability. Baskin shares her family’s gardening journey. “My now 20-year-old daughter got my family interested in gardening when she was in middle school. She was part of an ecology club where she learned how to start a container garden. We have since had one each year and have been thrilled with the outcome: delicious bountiful tomatoes, peppers, basil, thyme, and other delicacies have made it into our family recipes and have led to great memories for me and my family.”

As gardens across the country begin to flourish this National Gardening Month, the SILC project reminds us of the deep connection between our health, environment, and communities. Whether through a container garden or a community plot, each plant grown marks a step towards a healthier world.

Pathways to Combat Food Insecurity and Enhance Community Health

Pathways to Combat Food Insecurity and Enhance Community Health

Seth A. Berkowitz, M.D., MPH, explored how tackling food insecurity can significantly improve health outcomes and empower communities at this month’s Forge AHEAD Center (FAC) seminar. The seminar, held at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Population Health, offered a deep dive into the systemic challenges and practical solutions concerning food insecurity—a pressing issue that aligns closely with FAC’s ongoing commitment to health equity and community empowerment.

In his presentation, “Food Insecurity, Diabetes, and Distributive Institutions”, Dr. Berkowitz provided a deep dive into what it means to live without reliable access to nutritious food. He described food insecurity as a “lack of consistent access to the food needed for an active, healthy lifestyle,” a daily reality that many in our communities may be painfully familiar with. “Food insecurity is principally a problem of distributive institutions,” Dr. Berkowitz shared. He emphasized that systemic issues in income distribution greatly impact access to adequate nutrition. This challenge is especially critical for individuals managing chronic conditions like diabetes, where consistent and nutritious meals are crucial for maintaining health.

Dr. Berkowitz called for a combined effort of healthcare solutions and policy changes. He spoke about the benefits of community-supported nutritional programs and policy reforms that aim to break down these barriers. To effectively tackle food insecurity, he emphasized the vital roles of community involvement and policy advocacy. He suggested advocating for improved social safety nets and fair food distribution, supporting local food banks and health programs, and educating others about how health connects with economic and social factors. By getting involved in these ways, everyone can contribute to a deeper understanding and drive meaningful change in their communities.

The insights from Dr. Berkowitz shed light on the connection between food insecurity and health and emphasize how every one of us has a part to play in addressing these challenges. The Forge AHEAD Center is dedicated to sparking change and enabling our community to achieve better health through informed collective action.

Your participation is crucial as we continue to advocate for systemic changes and pursue health equity for everyone. Join us in turning these insights into meaningful community action.

View the recording of the presentation below.

Join us at our next seminar in May, where we will host Michele Allen, M.D., MS, associate professor at the University of Minnesota Medical School and one of the leads of the C2DREAM Center (another P50 NIH-funded center part of the Health Equity Action Network), and Kene Orakwue, MPH, doctoral student at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities for their presentation titled, “Racism as a foundational contributor to inequities across multiple chronic diseases”. For more details and registration, please visit this page.